TO ALL WHO CARE ABOUT THE SERIOUS PROBLEM OF EXTREME MINING IN DELICATE ENVIRONMENTS IN ARIZONA
The academic community, even into other countries, is a part of the larger community of individuals that is seriously concerned about the possibility of intensive mining in southeastern Arizona, where water is very short and precious, and biodiversity is unusually high. In addition, there is considerable concern about the fallout with respect to availability and quality of water for people, not to speak of the loss of the major, sustainable economy of ecotourism.
Below is a document that summarizes some of these issues, together with the names of the first set of academic signatories attesting to the concern of many who care about our environment, our state, and our country. This document was prepared by Elizabeth Bernays, Regents’ Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, July 12, 2012. Letters from all signatories, obtained during the period February-July 2012, are available.
THE PROBLEM OF PROPOSED OPEN PIT MINES IN SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS AND PATAGONIA MOUNTAINS IN SE ARIZONA
Due to planned mines, southeast Arizona is threatened as a habitat for both wildlife and people. The biological diversity is higher than for any region in the USA, with its sky islands, washes, desert flats and grasslands creating a major tourism industry based on naturalists, hunters, hikers, bikers, and researchers. The Nature Conservancy’s Patagonia-Sonoita Creek Preserve is quoted by the Audubon Society as the one of the best birding locations in the entire country.
There is a drought in Arizona, and severe drought predicted in the coming decades. Water will become ever more critical yet international companies are planning to develop mines for silver, copper and other metals. Such mining industries use vast quantities of fresh water and produce vast quantities of contaminated water. Best known is the planned Rosemont mine in the Santa Rita Mountains. The site is only 25 miles from Tucson, and closer to a number of smaller townships. Rosemont’s water use estimate is over 3 trillion gallons per year [1] probably reducing the water table by at least 1000 feet over time and thus severely impacting the vegetation over square miles, affecting private wells and town water. Trees will disappear and habitat for most animals will be wrecked. The mining operation would last 20 years, yet drawdown of the water table is predicted to continue to expand for miles outward and for hundreds of years [2].
Just south of the Santa Rita Mountains, over 200 mining claims have recently been established in the Patagonia Mountains, with the possibility of future mining activity even bigger than that of Rosemont. This will destroy many square miles of forest and kill the town of Patagonia, along with the wild life. The oasis of Patagonia Lake would be lost forever. And the various companies are not to be trusted in their reports. For example, in October of 2011, a plan of operations submitted by Arizona Minerals, Inc. a subsidiary of Wildcat Silver Corporation, was to conduct exploratory drilling on public lands near Patagonia and was approved by the Forest Service. The memo lists floodplains, wetlands, and municipal watersheds as “not present.” Yet the site is right in Harshaw Creek watershed, draining into Sonoita Creek (and hence Patagonia, Santa Cruz River and Nogales). Already, there are pollutants above those allowed for drinking water, resulting from some mining activity [3].
All the lands being considered for mining are prime wildlife habitat, provide important wildlife corridors, and are home to abundant game and non-game species such as deer, javelina, bats, mountain lion, coatimundi, quail, hawks, vultures, golden eagles, and songbirds. Threatened and endangered species, such as the Lesser Long-nosed Bat, and the Pima Pineapple Cactus, and other vulnerable species such as the Jaguar, Rufous-winged Sparrow, and Bell’s Vireo occur in the area. In the Patagonia Mountains several of the proposed mines are in critical habitat for the threatened Mexican Spotted Owl [4]. The actual damage to the habitat, and the derived damage from lowered water tables would severely impact these and most other animals.
Besides the drastic effect on water, the level of industrial activity and road traffic will have a huge impact on the whole area south of Tucson. For Rosemont mine alone, hundreds of mine trucks will travel 24/7 up and down highway 83. There would also be truckloads of concentrated sulfuric acid, a variety of petroleum products, surfactants, and cyanide. This is a two-lane major scenic route for the cyclists, motorcyclists and motorists, as well as off-road riders, that make up a large part of the sustainable industry in the “Mountain Empire” of Sonoita, Elgin and Patagonia (birding, hiking, wine tasting, horseback riding, biking, camping, hunting, visiting art galleries and historical monuments). If there were to be mining in the Patagonia Mountains, truck traffic could be ten times more than the traffic of the Rosemont mine. The current sustainable economy would be lost to a 20-year activity, leaving a trail of ghost towns.
In some of the most scenic and popular regions in the state these open pit mines also threaten the whole appearance of the countryside. Rosemont pit would cover 700 acres and the billion tons of tailings would cover another 3,000 acres, most of it on forestry land. Such tailings provide the toxic dust familiar from such mines, and a hazard in this windy desert environment. Further, there would be 250 acres of equipment, 24/7 blasting, and the end of dark skies in this astronomers’ paradise. Air quality in relation to Rosemont is serious enough for Pima County to deny an air-quality permit though the company is working to overturn the ruling. The situation would be worse in Patagonia with the nearest possible mine being just eight miles south of town.
The huge pits with their toxic lakes will be a serious hazard for birds of many species including rare migrating birds, and especially those attracted to water. The liners of such pits are known to tear quite frequently, releasing noxious chemicals into the ground water. The released acid reacts with other ores washing out other toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and arsenic, so that they contaminate the ground water.
In conclusion, it appears that southeastern Arizona, and in particular the Santa Rita-Patagonia Mountain region is too sensitive, too scenic, and too valuable to be exploited by huge mining operations. This is a desert and water is its most valuable resource. This is a special area for wildlife and recreation of all kinds. This is too close to a major city, and to historic and irreplaceable small townships with their special kinds of sustainable development.
- 1.Water Consumption at Copper Mines in Arizona, by Dr. Madan M. Singh, State of Arizona Department of Mines & Mineral Resources, Special Report 29, December 2010.
- 2. Hydrogeology of the Santa Rita Rosemont Project Site: Numerical Groundwater Modeling of the Conceptual Flow, Model and Effects of the Construction of the Proposed Open Pit, April 2008. Prepared for Pima County Regional Flood Control District, Prepared by: Tom Myers PhD, Hydrologic Consultant.
- 3. ADEQ Report, Total Maximum Daily Load For Upper Alum Gulch, Sonoita Creek Basin, Santa Cruz River Watershed, Coronado National Forest near Patagonia, Santa Cruz County, Arizona HUC 15050301-561A Parameters: Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, and Acidity. June 30, 2003
- 4. Ganey JL and Balda RP Distribution and Habitat Use of the Mexican Spotted Owl in Arizona, Condor 91, 366-361.
Elizabeth Bernays, Regents’ Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
Ron Pulliam, Regents’ Professor Emeritus, University of Georgia, USA
Daniela Rodrigues, Assistant Professor, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Gary Paul Nabhan, Kellogg Professor of Southwestern Borderlands Food and Water Security, University of Arizona, USA
Loy Volkman, Professor Emerita, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Michael Singer, Associate Professor, Wesleyan University, CT, USA
Yves Carriere, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Noah Whiteman, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Wulfila Gronenberg, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Wayne Getz, Professor of Environmental Science, UC Berkeley, USA
Wendy Moore, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Richard C. Hoyer, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Nancy A. Moran, Professor, Yale University, USA
Howard Ochman, Professor, Yale University, USA
Lee A. Rogers, Patagonia, Arizona, USA
Susan Wethington, Director of the Hummingbird Monitoring Network, Patagonia, Arizona, USA
Richard Karban, Professor of Entomology, University of California, Davis, USA
Anurag Agrawal, Professor of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, USA
Alexander V. Badyaev, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Mary E. Power, Professor, University of California, Berkeley
Damian O. Elias, Assistant Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Gregory A. Sword, Charles R Parencia Professor, Texas A&M University, USA
Michael Worobey, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
John G. Hildebrand, Regents Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Alison Hawthorne Deming, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
David L. Wagner, Professor, University of Connecticut, USA
James E. Pepper, Professor of Environmental Studies, Emeritus, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
Gail Browne, Executive Director, University of Arizona Poetry Center, USA
John Stireman, Associate Professor, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
Kerry L. Bright, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
Nickolas M. Waser, Professor, University of California Riverside and University of Arizona, USA
Mary V. Price, Professor, University of California Riverside and University of Arizona, USA
Michael W. Nachman, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Daniel R. Papaj, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Oliver A. Ryder, Adjunct Professor, University of California, San Diego, USA
Peter Chesson, Professor, University of Arizona
Michael D. Greenfield, Professeur / Chercheur, CNRS, Univ François Rabelais de Tours, France
Anna Dornhaus, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Robert Smith, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Robert Merideth, Editor, Tucson, AZ, USA
Phil Jenkins, Curator, University of Arizona Herbarium, USA
Paul Feeny, Professor Emeritus, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, USA
Stephen J. Simpson, ARC Laureate Professor, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia
Sanford Eigenbrode, Professor and Chair of the Division of Entomology, University of Idaho, USA
Chen-Zhu Wang, Professor, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Ronald L. Rutowski, Professor, Arizona State University, USA
Fenton Johnson, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Shelley McMahon, Associate Professor, University of Arizona and Director, UA Herbarium, USA
Erich Städler, PD Emeritus, Section of Conservation Biology, University of Basel, Switzerland
Richard Michod, Professor and Department Head, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Martin Taylor, former conservation biologist with the Center for Biological Diversity, Tucson, USA
Dr. Joshua Rosenthal, Ecosystems Biologist, Washington, DC, USA
Prof. Carol Bender, University Distinguished Outreach Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Martha Weiss, Associate Professor, Georgetown University, USA
Andreas Erhardt, Professor, University of Basel, Switzerland
Dr. Thomas R. Van Devender, Sky Island Alliance, USA
Thomas G. Whitham, Regents’ Professor, Northern Arizona University, USA
Douglas J. Emlen, Professor, The University of Montana, USA
Dr. Phil deVries, Professor, University of New Orleans, USA
Jessica Lamberton, Biologist, Sky Island Alliance, USA
Dr. Steven J. Seybold, Research Entomologist, USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station and Faculty Affiliate, Dept. Entomology, University of California, Davis, USA
Alexander H. Purcell, Professor Emeritus, Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Shahid Naeem, Professor of Ecology, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., MC 5557, New York, NY, 10027, USA
Dr. Carol Baird, Executive Officer, California Institute for Biodiversity, Moraga, CA, USA
Dr. Wade Bunting, Anthropologist, formerly at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Alison Bunting, formerly at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Dr. Richard B. Levine, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Alison Purcell O’Dowd, Professor, Humboldt State University, Department of Environmental Science & Management, USA
Katharine Milton, Professor, Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley
Dr. Loy Volkman, Professor Emerita, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Susan Hardy Aiken, Distinguished Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Catherine A Gehring, Professor, Northern Arizona University, USA
Dr. Andrew D. Graves, Forest Entomologist, USDA Forest Service, New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Dr. Bruce Walsh, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Philip C. Rosen, Research Scientist, School of Natural Resources, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Guy R. McPherson, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
Bert Hölldobler, Foundation Professor, Arizona State University, USA
Rodrigo P.P. Almeida, Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Regis Ferriere, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Judie Bronstein, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
David Raubenheimer, Professor, Massey University, New Zealand
Margaret G. Kidwell, Regents’ Professor Emerita, The University of Arizona, USA
Wayne Maddison, Professor, University of British Columbia, Canada
C. William Birky Jr, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
Carlos Martinez Del Rio, Professor, University of Wyoming, USA
Therese Markow, Amylin Professor in Life Sciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
Jose M.C. Ribeiro, Senior Research Scientist at a Federal Institution, Former Professor at the University of Arizona, USA
Letitia Aviles, Professor, University of British Columbia, Canada
Frederic Marion-Poll, Professor, Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, France
Joseph L. Spencer, Professor, University of Illinois, Champaign, USA
John Glendinning, Professor, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, USA
Peter Nonacs, Professor, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Dr. Cristina Sandoval, Director, Coal Oil Point Reserve, University of California Santa Barbara , USA
Dr. Kevin Lafferty, Research Scientist, USGS, USA
Bruce Tabashnik, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Andrea Mathias, Research Scientist, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. David Walker, Research Scientist, University of Arizona, USA
Patrick Abbot, Associate Professor, Vanderbilt University, USA
Larry Singer, Professor, University of Southern California, USA
Fred Gould, William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor, University of North Carolina, USA
Dr. Dorothy Comeau, Topanga, California, USA
Jed Fuhrman, McCulloch-Crosby Professor, University of Southern California, USA
John Pickering, Associate Professor, University of Georgia, USA
Dr. MaryLou Higgins, WWF, Colombia
Barrett Klein, Lecturer, University of Konstanz, Germany
Joanna Monti-Masel, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Craig LaMunyon, Associate Professor, Cal Poly Pomona, USA
Jerry Powell, Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Dr. Yar Petryszyn, University of Arizona, USA
Professor Doctor Thomas Hartmann, Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany
Cherry McCormack, Bird biologist, Newcastle, Australia
Dr. Donald Champagne, Professor, University of Georgia, USA
Kipling Will, Associate Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Conrad Istock, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona; Visiting Fellow Cornell University, USA
Daniel Rubinoff, Associate Professor, University of Hawaii
Gregory Sword, Charles R. Parencia Chair in Cotton Entomology, Texas A&M University, USA
David Byrne, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
Elizabeth Braker, Associate Professor, Occidental College, California, USA
David Galbraith, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
William Conner, Professor, Wake Forest University, North Carolina, USA
Donald R Strong, Professor, University of California Davis, USA
Diana Wheeler, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Peter Wilfred Price, Professor Emeritus, Northern Arizona University, USA
Brian Farrell, Professor, Harvard University, USA
Gary Felton, Professor, Penn State University, USA
Robin Chazdon, Professor, University of Connecticut, USA
Reuven Dukas, Professor, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
Jane Bock, Professor Emerita, University of Colorado, USA
Martha Hunter, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Robert A. Raguso, Professor, Cornell University, USA
Robert Robichaux, Distinguished Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Carl Bock, Professor Emeritus, University of Colorado, USA
Professor Dr. Louis Schoonhoven, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
David Wood, Professor, University of California Berkeley, USA
Aurelie Sheehan, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Jennifer Fewell, Professor, Arizona State University, USA
Lee A. Dyer, Professor, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
Rodolfo Dirzo, Bing Professor, Stanford University, USA
Dr. Katrina Mangin, Director Science Education Outreach, University of Arizona, USA
John Stoffolano, Professor, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
Ray B. Nagle, MD, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Stephen Buchmann, Affiliated Scientist, University of Arizona, USA
Goggy Davidovitz, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Lisa Nagy, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Joanna Monti-Masel, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Renee Duckworth, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Matthew Sullivan, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Oliver Monti-Masel, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Virginia Rich, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
James Tumlinson, Professor, Ralph O. Mumma Professor of Entomology, Penn State University, USA
James Frazier, Professor, Penn State University, USA
Pedro Barbosa, Professor, University of Maryland, USA
David Raichlen, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Tobias Uller, Edward Grey Institute, Oxford University, UK
Dr. Tristram Wyatt, Senior Research Associate, Oxford University, UK
Professor Dr. Erich Buchner, Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, Wurtzburg, Germany
Professor Stig Larsson, Swedish Agricultural University, Uppsala, Sweden
Dr. Ray Barbehenn, Associate Research Scientist, University of Michigan, USA
Dr. Helmet Van Emden, Professor Emeritus, University of Reading, UK
Daniel Potter. B. C. Pass Professor, University of Kentucky, USA
Phyllis Coley, Professor, University of Utah, USA
Dana Garrigan, Associate Professor, Carthage College, Wisconsin, USA
Dr. Peter Haskell, former Director, Centre for Overseas Pest Research UK, and Professor Emeritus, Cardiff University, UK
Naomi Shahib Nye, Chancellor, Academy of American Poets, USA
Steve Russell, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
Frank Messina, Professor, Utah State University, USA
Tom Kursar, Professor, University of Utah, USA
James B. Whitfield, Professor, University of Illinois, USA
Sydney A Cameron, Associate Professor, University of Illinois, USA
Carol D von Dolen, Associate Professor, Utah State University, USA
Mark Scriber, Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University, USA
Hugh Dingle, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Davis, USA
Jim Miller, Professor, Michigan State University, USA
Marion Harris, Professor, North Dakota State University, USA
Yoonseong Park, Associate Professor, Kansas State University, USA
Kerry Oliver, Assistant Professor, University of Georgia, USA
Jonathan Gershenzon, Professor, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
Karl Kramer, Adjunct Professor Emeritus, Kansas State University, Research Scientist USDA-ARS, USA
Virginia R. Kramer, Kansas State University, USA
Hanna Mustaparta, Professor, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Michael C. Singer, Professor, University of Texas, Austin, USA
Christer Wiklund, Professor, Stockholm University, Sweden
Dr. Camille Parmesan, National Aquarium Chair in the Public Understanding of Oceans and Human Health, Plymouth University, UK
Michael Kanost, Distinguished Professor, Kansas State University, USA
Dr. Ian Baldwin, Professor, Max Planck for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
Stuart Reynolds, Professor Emeritus, University of Bath, and President, Royal Entomological Society, UK
John Pickett, Michael Elliott Distinguished Research Fellow, Rothamsted Research Station, and Fellow of the Royal Society, UK
Soren Nylin, Professor, Stockholm University, Sweden
Dr. Richard Harrington, head scientist, Rothamsted Research Station, and Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society, UK
Niklas Janz, Associate Professor, Stockholm University, Sweden
Aletta Bonn, Professor, Free University of Berlin, Germany
Steph Menken, Professor, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Joop van Loon, Associate Professor, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Michael Siva-Jothy, Professor, University of Sheffield, UK
Larry Gilbert, Professor, University of Texas, Austin, USA
Dr. Adam Dobson, Cornell University, USA
Dr. William G. Eberhard, Scientist, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama
Professor Dr. Jana Petermann, Free University, Berlin, Germany
Jens Rolff, Professor, Free University, Berlin, Germany
Xavier Belles Ros, Director, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Barcelona, Spain
Marlene Zuk, Professor, University of Minnesota, USA
Gonzalo Giribet, Professor, Harvard University, USA
Susan Masta, Associate Professor, Portland State University, USA
Colin Osborne, Professor, University of Sheffield, UK
Gerd Gade, Professor, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Dr. May Jane West-Eberhard, Scientist, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama
Greta Binford, Assistant Professor, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, Oregon, USA
Nicholas Barry Davies, Professor and Fellow of the Royal Society, University of Cambridge, UK
Tamas Szekely, Professor, University of Bath, Bath, UK
Stephen Perlman, Professor, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Erin Espelie, Executive Editor, Natural History Magazine, USA
Michael Smith, Professor, Kansas State University, USA
Robert Colwell, Distinguished Professor, University of Connecticut, USA
Professor Dr. Marcel Dicke, Wageningen University, winner of NWO Spinoza Prize, The Netherlands
Karl Espelie, Professor, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
Curtis Lively, Distinguished Professor, Indiana University, USA
Richard Shelton, Regents’ Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
John Law, Regents’ Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, and member of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
Dr. Tibor Jermy, Director Emeritus, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
Stephen A. Wainright, Professor Emeritus, Duke University, USA
Dr. Alex Mira, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain
Dr. Carolina Reisenman, Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, USA
Lisa Nagy, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Andrew Balmford, Professor of Conservation Science, University of Cambridge, UK
Thomas Mitchell-Olds, Duke University, USA
Dr. Geoff Monteith, Queensland Museum, Australia
H.C.J. Godfray, Professor, Oxford University and Fellow of the Royal Society, UK
Joy Winzerling, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Gopalan C. Unnithan, Extension Entomologist, University of Arizona, USA
Aurelio Jose Figueredo, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Philip Hedrick, Professor, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Dr. Nicholas J. Gibson, Neurobiologist, University of Arizona, USA
Gregory Martin, Associate Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
Michael Breed, Professor, University of Colorado, USA
Alan Nighorn, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Patricia Stock, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Scott Collins, Professor, and Director of the Sevilleta LTER, University of New Mexico, USA
Brian Larkins, Porterfield and Regents Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Dennis Ray, University Distinguished Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Professor Dr. Louise E. M. Vet, Director, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Emilie Snell-Rood, Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota, USA
Alison Brody, Professor, University of Vermont, USA
Jeremy Thomas, OBE, Professor, and Fellow of New College, University of Oxford
Dr. Justin Schmidt, Southwestern Biological Institute and Adjunct Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Astrid Kodric-Brown, Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
James H. Brown, Distinguished Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
Gordon Grigg, Professor Emeritus, University of Queensland, Australia
Paul Opler, Professor, Colorado State University, USA
Myron Zalucki, Professor, University of Queensland, Australia
Philip Service, Professor, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
Dr. Donald Reynolds, Scientist, Natural Resources Institute, Greenwhich University, UK
Xianchun Li, Associate Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Robert Cheke, Scientist, Natural Resources Institute, Greenwhich University, UK
M. J. Crawley, Professor, Imperial College, University of London, and Fellow of the Royal Society, UK
John Reese, Professor, Kansas State University, USA
Simon R. Leather, Professor, Imperial College, University of London, UK
Jens Kvist Nielsen, Professor, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen Denmark
Mark Beilstein, Assistant Professor, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Frank Ramberg, Entomologist, University of Arizona, USA
Stephen Malcolm, Professor, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA
Patrice Morrow, Professor Emerita, University of Minnesota, USA
Eileen A. Hebets, Associate Professor, University of Nebraska, USA
Soren Bak, Professor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Klaas Vrieling, Professor, Leiden University, The Netherlands
Jacques Pasteels, Professor, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
Professor Dr. Teja Tscharntke, Georg.August University, Gottingen, Germany
John Jaenike, Professor, University of Rochester, New York
David Karowe, Professor, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA
David Pfennig, Zachary Taylor Smith Professor, University of North Carolina, USA
Hans VanEtten, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Adjunct Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Bobbi Peckarsky, Emeritus Professor, Cornell University and Adjunct Professor, University of Wisconsin, USA
John Vandermeer, Asa Gray Distinguished Professor, University of Michigan, USA
C. Ronald Carroll, Associate Dean/Co-Director UGA River Basis Center, University of Georgia, USA
Carol Hoffman, Professor, University of Georgia, USA
Takayuki Ohgushi, Professor, Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Japan
Dr. Gerard Febvay, Scientist INRA, Lyon, France
Mark Hunter, Henry A. Gleason Collegiate Professor, University of Michigan, USA
James L. Patton, Professor, University of California Berkeley, USA
Gimme Walter, Professor, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Svata Louda, Charles Bessey Professor Emeritus, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
Paul K. Dayton, Professor, Scripps Institute, University of California San Diego, USA
E. Annette Halpern Hinds, Professor Emeritus, Cal State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
Dr. Mark R. Stromberg, Professor Emeritus and Director of Hastings Natural History Reservation, University of California Berkeley, USA
Paul Feeny, Professor Emeritus, Cornell University, USA
Dr. Michael Hochberg, Director, CNRS, Montpelier University, France
Mark Beilstein, Assistant Professor, University of Arizona, USA
David Wagner, Professor, University of Connecticut, USA
Dr. Martine Rahier, Professor and Rector, University of Neuchatel, Switzerland
David Hinds, Professor Emeritus, California State University, Bakersfield, California, USA
Jenna Moore, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, USA
Dr. Charles J. Cole, Curator-in-Charge, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA [as a private citizen]
Dr. Carol R. Townsend, American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA [as a private citizen]
Linda Restifo, Professor, University of Arizona, USA
Bernard Roitberg, Professor, Simon Fraser University, Canada
Richard L. Lindroth, Professor and Associate Dean, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
Michael R. Strand, Distinguished Research Professor, University of Georgia, USA
Jim Hardie, Professor, Royal Entomological Society Director of Science and Imperial College, University of London, UK
Frank Hanson, Professor Emeritus, University of Maryland Baltimore Campus, USA
Richard L. Hutto, Professor and Director of the Avian Science Center, University of Montana, USA
Dr. Bradley Boyle, Research Scientist, University of Arizona Herbarium, University of Arizona, USA
David Wake, Professor Emeritus, University of California Berkeley, USA
Marvalee Wake, Professor Emeritus, University of California Berkeley, USA
Michael Crimmins, Associate Professor and Extension Specialist in Climate Science, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Christopher Daniel O’Connor, Research Specialist, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. James Ridsill-Smith, Scientist, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, and Adjunct Professor, University of Western Australia
William Z. Lidicker, Professor Emeritus, University of California Berkeley, USA
Dr. Geoff Monteith, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia
Bradford A. Hawkins, Professor, University of California Irvine, USA
Hilary Nicholas, Researcher, University of Arizona, USA
Andres Moya, Professor, Centre for Public Health Research, University of Valencia, Spain
Hsiang Ling Chen, Wildlife Biologist, School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Arizona, USA
Suzanne Koptur, Professor, Florida International University, Miami, USA
David Inouye, Professor, University of Maryland and Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Colorado, USA
Mark Tanouye, Professor, University of California Berkeley, USA
Anne Simonis, Researcher, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, USA
Jimmye Hillman, Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona, USA
Dr. Kent Daane, Extension Specialist, University of California Berkeley, USA
Miguel Altieri, Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA
Marjorie A. Hoy, Professor, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
John Lowell Capinera, Professor, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
Dr. James Hoy, University of Florida and University of Michigan Biological Station, USA
Robert J. Grebenok, Professor, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY, USA
Daniel A. Hahn, Associate Professor, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
Astrid Kodric-Brown, Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
Fernando Noriega, Associate Professor, Florida International University, Miami, USA
Kate Boersma, Researcher, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
Mark Rausher, Professor, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
Dr. Jeff Waage, Professor, and Director, London International Development Centre, London, UK
Brenda Hillman, Professor, St. Mary’s College of California, USA
Nancy Stamp, Professor, Vice Provost and Dean, Binghamton University, SUNY, USA
James H. Brown, Distinguished Professor, University of New Mexico, USA
Fred Nijhout, Professor, Duke University, USA
David Dussourd, Professor, University of Central Arkansas, USA
John Reese, Professor, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
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